Metropolis essays

City articles The Working Class versus The Upper Class Motion pictures must contain a type of plot or struggle so as to make them intriguing. In Metropolis, an unequivocal social clash develops between the laborers and their heartless chief, John Frederson. This contention is because of the significant contrasts in the lives of the common laborers and high society. The unmistakable division in the public arena gives a premise where the revolt can eject in any case. At the base of society lie the melancholy specialists, with the heartless machine that controls them above. At the top, lies the rich privileged, especially the Brain, John Frederson. In Metropolis, the laborers are discouraged, over-worked, and fleeting. Not just men work this horrendous and risky activity, however little fellows as well. The laborers are discouraged since they all enter the processing plant, which takes after heck, promptly in the first part of the day together, with their heads all hung down. They work a long move that keeps going ten hours. This is evident because of the way that the clock on the divider runs just until 10:00. Just working hours check. This machine, incidentally looking like the Pagan god Moloch, runs constantly, delivering overpowering errands for the laborers as it eats up them. In this manner, this loathsome machine subjugates its laborers, rendering them vulnerable against its unmerciful fury. In contrast to the common laborers, the high society in Metropolis carries on an upbeat, yet inefficient, and simple way of life. The primary character, Fredersons child, is seen messing about in a nursery with an entirely little fairy. This scene depicts the high society as individuals who burn through their time away by including themselves in unconstructive exercises. Not exclusively is the higher society not helping the laborers in their requesting work, yet it doesn't appear to think about the laborers uncaring condition or wellbeing. For instance, when the principle character goes to his dad about what he has seen underground, the dad just tur... <! City articles A Victory of Style over Content. Talk about this announcement made about Fritz Langs Metropolis Fritz Langs Metropolis was recorded in Germany in 1926. It is a tragic film depicting a terribly energized future society where the common laborers is made to work interminably, as a glaring difference to the decision class, for example the privileged, who carry on with the life of extravagance, high up in towers, looking down on the overpopulated city underneath. The possibility of a cutting edge tragic culture was the same old thing during the 1920s. What amazed the film going populace of the time were the cutting edge strategies utilized by Lang. In this exposition I plan to look at whether the key to Metropolis extraordinary achievement is to be found in its cutting edge recording style or in the real substance. In the first place, nonetheless, I accept that it is imperative to inspect the life and motivations of Fritz Lang. Lang was conceived in Vienna in 1890 and was half Catholic and half Jewish. Having battled in the First World War, Lang had to leave Germany in 1933 after the Nazis ascend to control, escaping to Paris and afterward Hollywood, where he proceeded with his work. Lang is for the most part seen as the most significant movie producer of the Expressionist time. His work has end up being a wellspring of motivation for people in the future of movie chiefs. City is set 100 years into the future from when the film was shot (2026). A youngster named Freder, who is the child of Joh Frederson, the leader of the immense city of Metropolis, pursues a young lady named Maria, and ends up in a machine room in the lower city. He observes a mishap at one of the enormous machines, and considers the to be as a devilish brute. Having seen this mishap, he feels that it is his obligation to educate his Father regarding what he has seen. His Father is not interested in his children response, deciding to overlook what he has been told. Freder, be that as it may, feels regretful, and concludes that he should assist the laborers with escaping their predicament. ... <!

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Agriculture Is An Essential Component That Supports The...

In society today, agriculture is an essential component that supports the lives of many individuals. Agriculture is able to provide individuals with food and other necessities in order to survive. Although agricultural methods in the past can be associated with sustainability due to farmers working out in the fields as a means for food production, the pressure to obtain economic profit that society began to possess with the introduction of the green revolution allowed for many corporations such as Monsanto to develop and take part in industrial agricultural methods. The Monsanto Corporation is located in St. Louis Missouri and is known as an â€Å"American multinational agrochemical and agriculture biotechnology corporation† (â€Å"Company History†, N.d). Monsanto was founded in 1901 and began to create herbicides between 1945 and 1976. With the success of the herbicide creations, Monsanto then began to develop plants that contained biotechnology traits known as geneti cally modified organisms (GMO) or genetically modified (GM) crops (â€Å"Company History†, N.d). According to Halford (2003), â€Å" The term genetically modified (GMO) is a relatively new expression that describes a plant that contains a gene or genes that have been introduced artificially. Such plants are also described as being transgenic or having been transformed.†(p. 23). Although these organisms have been around for a considerable amount of time and genetic engineering is used in many places across the globe today, whenShow MoreRelatedWatershed Issues And Policies Of The Himalayan Region1434 Words   |  6 Pageslowlands, and the water basins support 1.5 billion people who inhabit the area, and up to 3 billion people rely on the food and energy produced using the Himalayan watershed (1). The glaciers in the Himalayas deliver large quantities of runoff to the major tributaries of the Ganges and the rivers in the adjacent basins (2). These glacial resources are essential to the water supply both in the uplands and lowlands for irrigation, hydroelectric power and agriculture and household use. The flows ofRead MoreChild Hunger And Food Insecurity1469 Words   |  6 Pageschildren living in southern states. Tennessee children experience significant food insecurity. Proper child nutrition is essential to proper health and development. In order for children to maintain focus, achieve productivity and physical strength, they need adequate. Food Nutrition Services (FNS) administers food reimbursement programs through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The objective for FNS is to provide access to nutritious foods. Children of Tennessee families who experienceRead MoreMarketing and Monsanto1349 Words   |  6 Pagesand outcomes. Farmers, governments, a nd non-profits are one of many stakeholders in the company. Relationship Marketing- Establishing long-term, mutually satisfying buyer-seller relationships. With farmer’s being the primary stakeholder, Monsanto uses technology such as the corn chipper to gain their support. Customer-Centric Marketing- Developing collaborative relationships with customers based on focusing on their individual needs and concerns. Monsanto develops genetically modified seedsRead MoreFossil Fuels And Its Impacts On Society1506 Words   |  7 PagesEarth has provided us with various fossil fuels and natural resources that we need to live an adequate life. However, as fossil fuels dwindle and the human population continues to grow, the livelihood of humanity is threatened. Furthermore, the use of fossil fuels has several negative impacts on society. For example, fossil fuels pose a serious danger to the environmental through climate changes and global warming. Additionally, as fossil fuels become more scarce the prices will significantly increaseRead MoreThe Potential Of Manipulating Genetic Engineering1571 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation in an organism is interminable. From cloning animals to minuscule bacteria, the scientific world is accelerating their advancements in this relatively new concept. However, with the success, speculation and controversy arose in their path. Many individuals argued the hazardous possibilities that could result of genetic engineering; as well as the whole technique itself. In fact, everyone on this planet cannot abstain from this issue; people every day decide whether to purchase genetically modifiedRead MoreThe Harsh Reality Of Deforestation1354 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harsh Reality of Deforestation If you ask a random individual to describe a landscape to you, any landscape that they can imagine from anywhere in the world, the odds are that they will mention an environment with trees. This is almost inevitable as every type of biome harbors some kind of tree, except for one: the arctic. Through new forms of science, researchers were even able to calculate just how many trees were on the earth. According to this recent study â€Å"the answer is somewhere aroundRead More Availability and Education Essay examples1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people in the United States, which is determined by the access to food resources that one individual or family might experience in a given community. Low income families address and incorporate the concept of food security as the ability of individuals to prepare foods, have a certain level of economic resources to purchase goods among supermarkets, and also have the ability access education and support through community organizations. Heal thy eating habits are less abundant among lower class neighborhoodsRead MoreThe s Common Sense Entitlement Cynics Trust1528 Words   |  7 PagesHenrique Lima Paper 2 Every living creature s common sense entitlement cynics trust that regardless of the possibility that Nim had some humanlike qualities and some essential correspondences abilities that does not legitimize obscuring the lines amongst people and different creatures. We need to put into various classifications, ourselves - humankind that is - and whatever is left of the living scene, says the main British neurobiologist, Prof Sir Colin Blakemore. Prof Carl Cohen of the UniversityRead MoreInnovation And Management Of Technological Development Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunities to be creative, innovative and to develop technological skill through practical activity. It does not however currently address the specific development of Innovation and the Management of Technological Practice in its curriculum strands and component descriptors. With the Technological Practice strand focusing on planning for practice, brief development, outcome development and evaluation and the Technological Knowledge strand focused on technological modelling, products and systems, the curriculumRead MoreEssay on Parents are Responsible for their Childrens Diet1619 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is a complicated topic and is complicated to pinpoint what the exact cause is, some of the major factors that contribute to childhood obesity are lack of exercise in their daily lives, poor nutrition, and eating habits; and lack of education among parents to safely help their children live a healthier life. Childhood obesity poses a serious threat to the health of our nation, children these days have little to none outdoors activities. Lack of physical activity found to be a significant

Liberation Theology Essay - 865 Words

Jeremy Partin I. Title Page II. Thesis Page III. Introduction Liberation theology in Latin America was first introduced in the late 1960’s, although it became famous after the writing of Gustavo Gutierrez. The roots of liberation theology can be traced back to Europe because Catholic priests were sent there to go to school. It was there where they became radicalized and sent back to Latin America. This radicalization led many to start thinking differently, including Gutierrez. He and others wanted to be independent from the usual European Catholic style. They wanted to create their own theology for their culture. They believed that they should have their own institution to teach their own beliefs to their own people. With these new†¦show more content†¦It was a way of thinking and interpreting the bible. However it ended up being more than that. It analyzed history from different perspectives and acknowledged Marxism thoughts. (V.A.1) One main purpose of liberation theology was to help the poor. Gustavo Gutierrez coined the term liberation theology, and is considered to be the father of it to most people. He believed praxis was the starting point. Theology was the second stage. This was basically a practice of theory. Praxis involved taking action for the poor and the oppressed. The start of this new was caused from various reasons. One reason was that all bishops were sent to Europe to be educated. When they came back, they would be radicalized. Latin Americans wanted their own schooling for priests. They didn’t want European ideas; they wanted their ideas from their culture. Another big problem was poverty and human rights. Most Latin Americans were poverty stricken. Most countries in Latin America didn’t have any human rights. Therefore one their main focuses was social injustice. (V.A.1) During their time period, many theologians were criticized or harassed. For example, there were fifteen attempts to assassinate Dom Helder Camera, who was a significant figure in liberation theology. Many were threatened. Some were arrested, tortured, or killed. While there were others who just disappeared. However they still practiced their beliefs and spread their ideas. (V.B.2) One problem withShow MoreRelatedLiberation Theology Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to Enns (2008), liberation theology attempts to infer the holy writ through the plight of the poor. This movement originated from South America in the early 1950s when Marxism was the most popular theory among the poor. It was a response to the ill-treatment and poverty facing the ordinary people. It dealt with the issue of distribution of wealth among people in order to upgrade the economic status in life. This movement had strong Romanian Catholic roots bolstered in ColombiaRead MoreBlack Liberation Theology Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved the m. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, theRead MoreBlack Liberation Theology Essay1819 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved them. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, theRead MoreAfrican Women s Liberation Theology Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesDISSERTATION AFRICAN WOMEN IN LIBERATION THEOLOGY Literature Review Liberation theology is the fulfilment and deliverance of theology from the instance of positioning it in real situations in life into the centre of the battle. Liberation theology desires to bring excessive religious zeal which fails to identify the quality of declaring God who created all man equal but is disinterested about their existence. McCall says â€Å"Liberation theology represents attempts to move theology from the abstract to practicalRead More Liberation Theology Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesLiberation Theology Liberation theology is situational. The emergence of liberation theology and the interpretation of the Bible under liberation theology stems directly to the participants place in society. As the title suggests, liberation theology interprets the Bible as a document of hope that will give strength and validity to a struggle against an oppressor. Liberation theology rises out of a new political consciousness. The oppressed people have to realize they are oppressed and that theRead MoreLiberation Theology Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagestouching on the ideas of James Cone’s ideas on Liberation Theology and the relationship between the Cross and the Lynching Tree, our group decided to focus the topic of our presentation around Liberation Theology. However, in order to create a counter argument to stimulate further discourse, we introduced the Theology of Prosperity, as an opposing theological concept, to our presentation. Hence, we came up with the topic of Liberation Theology vs. Theology of Prosperity. Firstly, it was necessaryRead MoreEssay about Liberation Theology796 Words   |  4 PagesLiberation Theology I see [liberation theology] as a theology of the people, rather than of professional theologians; rising out of the cries of the oppressed; refined in the experience of those who may not even be able to read and write; clarified in thousands of base communities; embodied in lives that risk everything to be faithful to the good news that God hears their cry, sides with them in their distress, and works with them for liberation- a liberation in which they play a central roleRead MoreEssay on Oscar Romero, Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church3831 Words   |  16 PagesOscar Romero, Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church In the post-World War II era, the globe was polarized by two idealistically divergent superpowers; the United States and the Soviet Union, two nations that strived to promote capitalism and communism, respectively, throughout the globe. Nowhere was this struggle more apparent than in developing countries with shaky political and economic backbones. Specifically, in Latin America the old, corrupt and often totalitarian regimes were threatenedRead MoreAnalysis Of Gustavo Gutierrezs Theology Of Liberation1850 Words   |  8 PagesLiberation theology calls followers of Jesus to work together to create a just society that brings change and align themselves with the oppressed. All of my sources Gustavo Gutierrez, Paul Farmer, and Sohail Hasmi place defending the rights of the poor as a central aspects of their arguments. Which is why I am led to believe that my sources could come together, even if they have different point of views. In Gustavo Gutierrez’s Theology of Liberation, he argues this theology is about committing toRead MoreEssay on Liberation Theology in Latin America1734 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups of individuals in an attempt to change the social structure of their respective countries. In turn, these popular movements led to the rise of dictatorships aimed to control the people and protect the desires of the country (Introducing Liberation Theology). The social, political, and economical atmosphere of this time proved prime for religious change and new ideals. In the early 1960’s, the churches in Latin America experienced a much-needed sense of revitalization. The church eagerly sought

William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 1299 Words

Kanak Garg Mr. Fraser English 10 Honors, Period 6 19 December 2014 Savagery in Civilization: Symbolism in Lord of the Flies Symbolism as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the use of symbols to express or represent ideas or qualities in literature, art, etc.† (â€Å"Symbolism†). For this reason, symbolism is utilized in literature in order to make novels more interesting and convey notions that are usually either highly controversial or extremely philosophical. For example in the popular novel A Separate Peace, John Knowles uses Gene in order to depict the theme of identity and the difficulty of understanding oneself at a young age. In this example, the author uses the symbol, Gene, as an example of a kid in adolescence in order to†¦show more content†¦The pig’s head, also referred to as the Lord of the Flies, is the closest thing to the physical manifestation of the beast in the novel. Golding describes the slaughtered sow’s head in such explicit detail that it gives off a negative and almost evil vibe; he describes the pig’s head as dim-eyed, grinning faintly, blood blackening between the teeth . . . [with a] black blob of flies [that] tickled under his nostrils (Golding 137-138). The intricately detailed description of the pig’s head makes the reader feel as if the pig’s head is the essence of pure evil. Other than the appearance of the pig, its conversation with Simon further shows how it symbolizes barbarity. â€Å"Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! . . . You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are the way they are?† (Golding 143), the beast explains. Even though this whole conversation may be a hallucination, Simon discovers that the beast is not an external force, but is the evil that lies present in all men. The graphic description of the pig’s head and the conversation the pig’s head has with Simon prove that the pig’s head s ymbolizes savagery in humans. Another way Golding depicts barbarity is the shattering of the conch. The conch is an item that represents democracy and unity in the boys’ society on the island. For example, the boys have a rule that whoever has the conch can speak showing how the conch

The Tao Da Ching free essay sample

Tao Te Ching Underneath the mysterious language, numerous paradoxes, and ambiguity of the Tao Te Ching lies a helpful, concise passage and interesting way of life. Its complex yet simple verses can give one great insight on moral behavior and righteousness, how to live life simply, face and deal with struggles in both society as a whole and our daily lives, and how civilization should be governed. Written by Lao Tzu, meaning Old Master, Thoughts from the Tao-Te Ching is just a small excerpt from the 81 chapter philosophical document. The central teachings of this chapter include compassion, simplicity, and patience in order to be â€Å"at one† with the Tao and seek enlightenment. The poetic verses written in this chapter are written with a great deal of contemplation and symbolism all of which refer back to one of the three main themes. The way in which Lao expresses his ideas is sincere, simple in words yet complex in meaning, but to the point that his thoughts and ideas are valid enough to believe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tao Da Ching or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The verses necessitate patience, understanding, and compliance in order to analyze their complex meaning. Lao Tzu puts a large emphasis on how a ruler should govern, in that a leader should be concerned with the lives of his people and not use much force. He states, â€Å"When the Master governs- the people are hardly aware that he exists. †(Stanza 17). He goes on to say â€Å"If you don’t trust the people, you make them untrustworthy. †(Stanza 17). These two of many lines about governing in the Tao, support his claim about little control and the importance of the people. Lao Tzu strongly emphasizes the need for the rulers to apply them throughout all aspects of their lives. He is simply stating that a Master should rule with such moderation that the people hardly realize he is ruling. In order to understand one’s people, a leader must be committed and loyal. He must take time to get to know the people so that their ideas coincide. â€Å"If you want to govern the people, you must place yourself below them. If you want to lead the people, you must learn how to follow them. †(Stanza 66). Governments that are alienated from the people and manipulative do not allow the people to live freely and manage their own ffairs are bad governments. Leadership and government according to the Tao causes less rebellion, honesty, liberty, appreciation, and satisfaction. â€Å"If you want to be a great leader, you must learn to follow the Tao. Stop trying to control. Let go of fixed plans and concepts, and the world will govern itself. † (Verse 58). The previous verse implied that to be a ruler one must follow the Tao, which is to live simply. He must also be patient and let fixed plans go, just let the natural flow of life happen. Lao-tzu emphasizes that good leadership involves having enough patience to wait for natural patterns of life to complete their cycles, and trusting that balance will emerge from those cycles. Wise leaders put power in the hands of the people by providing them with what they need and having the willingness to let the world flow freely. Not only is government a main concept in this chapter, but so is simplicity. Lao makes the claim that materialism and wealth are meaningless, and they only hinder one from reaching enlightenment. Simplicity is not just in living, but in ones thoughts and actions as well. Possessions and money are the root of all evil. The Tao considers wealth senseless, in that it only leads to competition and indulgence. The following quote proves how simplicity should be used in leadership, â€Å"If you want to learn how to govern, avoid being clever or rich. The simplest pattern is the clearest. Content with an ordinary life you can show all people the way back to their own true nature. † A life of simplicity is one without confusion, greed, and desire. By setting an example to the community, they too will apprehend the concept of simplicity and learn that life is much better without the heavy burden of materialism. Another large portion of the Tao is action through non-action, which is considered another form of simplicity. By practicing not-doing, one can attain true happiness in life. Non-action means eliminating actions that are unnecessary and un-called for. â€Å"The Tao never does anything, yet through it all things are done. If people would center themself in this, people would be content with their simple everyday lives, in harmony and free of desire. When there is no desire all things are at peace. †(Stanza 37) People should take things as they come in life and they will live a life full of happiness and pleasure. When a person rids themselves of desire, they can have peace with themselves because their want for things no longer exists. The stress of desire is eliminated and harmony can be reached. According to the Tao, if you let things take their natural course, everything will work out the way it’s supposed to. The concept of patience plays a major role in Lao Tzu’s teachings as well. It is the ability to halt action and give things a chance to settle naturally. He feels that a person must have equal patience with themselves, friends, and enemies. â€Å"The master does nothing, yet he leaves nothing undone. The ordinary man is always doing things, yet many more are left to be done. † (Stanza 38). This claim explains the meaning of patience in that you should ignore your own ambitions and goals because you lose patience if your expectations are not met. If you have your own goals then you will also have difficulty remaining patient. One will learn patience when they can overcome their ego and accept the present. Riding oneself of selfish involvement can create calmness needed to solve difficult problems. A quote that supports patience and ignoring one’s drive to achieve unrealistic goals is â€Å"The world is sacred, it can’t be improved. If you tamper with it, you’ll ruin it. If you treat it like an object, you’ll lose it. †(Stanza 29) If one has patience and resists tampering with things that can’t be changed or achieved, one will attain fulfillment rather than disappointment. A claim made in verse 61 also relating to patience and understanding is stated quite simply, When he makes a mistake he realizes it. Having realized it, he admits it. Having admitted it, he corrects it. If everyone were to embrace this quote and live by it, the change would be profound. Due to ego and fear of a tarnished reputation, people are afraid to admit their mistakes. People don’t realize that by admitting and fixing a mistake could increase integrity with others due to their ability to take accountability for their actions. Having patience with ourselves and others when either makes a mistake could eliminate many differences and lead to a gain in respect. If our nation decided to live by such an idea and became solely concerned with its own people rather than meddling in other affairs we would be at peace. The third teaching and major point found within this text is compassion. One must be able to admit and accept their own flaws and be loving towards their enemies whom also contain imperfections. Humans need to give up the concept that we have enemies in front of us, and learn to get past the differences. This claim is supported by â€Å"Therefore the Master concerns himself with the depths and not the surface, with the fruit and not the flower† (Stanza 38). Compassion is about looking internally and putting others before ourselves. We as humans need to attain compassion for others and see ones beauty for what’s on the inside rather than outside. Rather than fighting with others, we need to work on ourselves for personal growth and reconcile with people. We need not concern ourselves with the enemy or perceive that individual as such, for they are people just like us. The importance of compassion also plays a role in war, â€Å"His enemies are not demons, but human beings like himself. He doesn’t wish them personal harm. Nor does he rejoice in victory. How could he rejoice in victory and delight in the slaughter of men? † (Stanza 31). This quote is stating that we are all humans despite our differences. War is only an option in the direst necessity, and when entering war we must have compassion for the other side. We must not rejoice in victory because killing is not good in any way. The structure of Lao Tzu’s writing was essential in tying back to the main ideas in the chapter. The use of poetic verse provides one with a sense of musicality and softness, yet uses a sense of diligence to make its point. The form of writing makes it very direct and appears to be very simplistic in structure. His words, although they may seem simple to the eye, to the mind they are very complex in thoughts and beliefs. The words may be short in length, but they are very long in meaning. With just one simple sentence Lao Tzu can imply a great deal of ideas to the reader, such as not to interfere with things, and to let the world go on naturally and free of interruption. From the first chapter of the Tao-Te-Ching, the reader can grasp a small portion of Lao’s ideas. Many feel that his way of life is completely unrealistic or impractical. The point of this writing is not to force one into following the Tao if one does not want to; rather to show the importance of simplicity, compassion, and patience in our universe. If everyone implemented those qualities into their life, according to the Tao, one would seek a life of true happiness and true fulfillment.

Fiction and Kate Chopin’s View of Marriage Essay Example

Fiction and Kate Chopin’s View of Marriage Essay Although Kate Chopin lived during a period when the color of an individual’s skin dictated his or her place in society as either a master or a slave was nearing its end (Toth 11), she also lived in a period when married women were expected to serve their husbands and their children with pure joy and contentment.   In this paper, three of the short stories of Kate Chopin – â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† and â€Å"The Storm† – revealed a different outlook on the concept of marriage.   In these stories, she had shown through the point-of-views of the heroines the unhappiness women during Chopin’s period felt when they got married because of how they were being treated by their husbands so much so that it would drive these women to either seeing the death of their husbands as a joyous moment and a second chance in life or would lead these women to engage in extra-marital affairs. Kate Chopin has been considered by literary critics today as a â€Å"regional writer.†Ã‚   Regional writing was one of the most important literary forms that had its roots in the late 19th century.   Initially, critics have viewed regional writing as a minor element in American Literature.   However, this has changed when critics discovered how regional writers constructed national literary traditions through both its substance and structure.   It provided critics with an understanding to the meaning of the local lives, ideas and traditions during a certain period in the country’s history.   Today, it is now considered as a genre dedicated in giving details on the places and the people who lived in a particular area and a particular time, and has now become associated with the interest of people who were considered as the minority in society, including women, sexual dissidents and village dwellers (Foote 25-27). We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction and Kate Chopin’s View of Marriage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction and Kate Chopin’s View of Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction and Kate Chopin’s View of Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the perspectives that Chopin depicted in her works is the status and feelings of women regarding marriages during her period.   Although many women are happy with their marriages, most women often would become uneasy within the confines of marriage.   This leads them in entertaining feelings that society would appall.   One such feeling is the private celebration of the death of a husband because of the freedom the death would bring (Disheroon-Green 317).   The reason why many women during the time of Chopin entertained such feelings was because this was a period when prenuptial agreements and arrangements between parents of the woman and either the family of the man or the man himself were the societal norm.   Marriage during this period was seen as a practical arrangement undertaken for social standing and security, as opposed from love (Toth 14). Such was the case in â€Å"The Story of an Hour.†Ã‚   This work first depicts marriage as an institution that traps women to another person’s will (Disheroon-Green 317; Toth 10).   In the story, the growing joy of Mrs. Louise Mallard learning that her husband’s death has set her free, despite the fact that â€Å"[†¦] she loved him – sometimes† (Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† 327).   When she discovers that the news of her husband’s death was erroneous, Mrs. Louise Mallard dies, not from the shock of the happy news.   Rather the death was a result from the disappointing loss of freedom which Louise Mallard believed that she had gained. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† provides also a perfect example of Chopin’s work being based on real life since she would often use original names of people and incidence or somewhat similar to these in her stories.   The heroine in this story was named Louise Mallard.   The first name Louise sounds very much like the French pronunciation of Kate Chopin’s mother’s name.   Her mother had a sister named Josephine, just as her heroine did in the story.   The last name used in the story, Mallard, is similar in sound to the name Bullard, who was one of the victims of the train accident that killed Chopin’s father, which was also the cause of death of the heroine’s spouse (Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† 326; Toth 10). In the story â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Chopin showed that women are enslaved by their husbands in marriages very similar to that of the African-American slaves in the plantations owned by the Caucasian families.   When a woman gets married, they lose their last name just as African-Americans lose their names once they are bought and owned by their Caucasian masters.   This was the reason why he did not adhere to the cautions given to him â€Å"[†¦] that she was nameless.   What did it matter [†¦] when he could give her one of the oldest and proudest [names] in Louisiana [†¦]† (Chopin â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†).   By marrying a beautiful woman such as Desiree, he was assured that he would be passing his name to a lineage that would retain the prestige of his patriarchal name.   But this had changed the moment that Desiree and Armand were married.   Although Desiree loved her husband dearly, she was depicted as someone who was afra id of her husband that â€Å"[w]hen he frowned she trembled, but loved him.   When he smiled, she asked no greater blessing of God† (Chopin â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†). Things began to worsen after the birth of their son.   At first, Desiree noticed that there was an immense change in her husband’s demeanor.   She noticed that he had become more affectionate and caring, even to their slaves who were previously maltreated.   But after a few months, she had noticed that not only did Armand begun to change towards her, but that their son resembled the slaves that worked on the fields.   Because of this, Armand realized that his plan for himself was faulted.   From that moment on, he treated Desiree as he would his slaves.   That is, only referring to her as â€Å"La Blanche† and rejects her as he would to a slave he is throwing out of his plantation (Peel 225-26).   Desiree likened her husband’s demeanor as though â€Å"[†¦] very spirit of Satan seemed suddenly to take hold of him in his dealings [†¦]† (Chopin â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†).   She became more and more afraid of her husband tha t she feared to confront him on the reason for his change of demeanor.   Her husband began to become cold towards her so much that he would do his best to avoid Desiree’s presence as much as he could by spending lesser time at home and would avoid looking into Desiree’s eyes when they would speak.   Lost and confused on the sudden change of how her husband was treating her, Desiree began to feel â€Å"[†¦] miserable enough to die† (Chopin â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†). Majority of Chopin’s later works were also based on the stories surrounding the town of Natchitoches.   Chopin’s use of this town was highly influenced by her great-grandmother, Mme. Victoire Charleville who not only ensured that Chopin would become fluent in French, but also provided her subject matters for her works because Mme. Charleville loved gossip and would talk about the lives of the different women during this time (Rowe 228; Toth 13).   One possible topic that she may have overheard from the gossip of her great-grandmother indulged herself in may have been the adulterous behavior of married women in the area. In Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm,† she shows extra-marital relationships to be a desirable outcome for two individuals who have spent years longing for each other, but trapped in their own marriages.   This one time sexual relationship was depicted as one that is done not to harm their current marital statuses.   Rather, this was shown as one that serves to strengthen their relationships with their own spouses.   This view of extra-marital affairs as a means to intensify marriages may have shocked the readers of Chopin’s work since it was not only what they expected but also it is not considered as the norm of society.   As a result, many literary critics who had reviewed her works condemned them as being vulgar and unwholesome, not because of the suggestions that the main heroine in this story would become unsatisfied in her marriage and with her husband despite meeting all of the requirements of what society would consider a proper husband to be.   They co ndemned Chopin’s works because of her depiction of Calixta as a heroine, and not to condemn her main character for her transgressions against her husband.   As a result, her later works such as â€Å"The Awakening† were banned from libraries and Chopin herself was ousted from the social clubs which she was a member of (Chopin â€Å"The Storm†; Cutter 87; Rollyson 195; Rowe 231). Kate Chopin showed in her works the lives of women in Louisiana and the struggles which occur within the confinements of marriage.   Chopin would generally defy social conventions by showing in her works that married women may aspire things and roles that are non-traditional (Disheroon-Green 317).   This may have been the reason why Chopin’s works were initially not given the credit her works were due.  Ã‚   Both the literary critics of Chopin’s time and the public in general may have viewed Chopin and her works rebellious, particularly when she began to test the ways that women could voice out their emotions and when they could not articulate themselves as she progressed in her career as a writer.   The more she attempted to show women as vocal heroines with strong desires, the harder it was for her work to be accepted by publishers, literary critics and the public in general (Cutter 98-99).   This was because the norm for women during this period was to be s ilent, passive and submissive towards their lives and their spouses as well as incapable of expressing themselves of their desires (Cutter 98). Today, Chopin has become an enigma because she did not readily accept the status of women and their obligations in married life in Louisiana.   Despite her works being considered as vulgar and almost forgotten after her death, her literary works have eventually become notable not only because she was able to strike a delicate balance between the stories of the rural Cane River region and those set in urban New Orleans, but also she created an entire fictional community replete with characters, events and settings to which to place her stories.   The works of Chopin that have been presented in this paper provided a glimpse of real events that were experienced by married women during Chopin’s time.   It also showed the development of how women, single or married were able to gain a voice in society.   Furthermore, it showed how married women faced the everyday dilemma of desire versus duty, self-realization versus socially sanctioned self-sacrifice (Byrd 1; Cutter 98; Di sheroon-Green 317). The works of Kate Chopin had given the readers a glimpse on the realities of life during the 19th century, specifically inside the lives of married women.   While many authors have glorified this era with stories about etiquette and the value of conferring with societal norms, they have also provided their readers with the harshness of life and how marriage is seen not as a union of a man and woman who were in love, but as a union for monetary and practical reasons.   Chopin’s works show how nothing has changed throughout the years.   Even today, women still feel trapped in their marriages, treated with abuse and indifference by their spouses and indulge in extra-marital affairs.   Perhaps it has become relatively more accepted now to discuss these issues as opposed to the period when Chopin was still living.   This could explain why her works were greatly denounced by publishers, critics and the public during her time.   As a regional writer, she has given literar y critics and scholars today a glimpse into the other side of the women of the 19th century, not as genteel women.   Rather, women who had become enslaved in marriage, submissive to their families and their spouses’ desires while shutting out and sacrificing their own needs and wants, making Kate Chopin the voice of women during the time when their voices were muffled. Works Cited Byrd, L. J. Maternal Influence and Children in Kate Chopin’s Short Fiction. 2000. 07 March 2008 http://www.womenwriters.net/domesticgoddess/pdf/Byrd.pdf. Chopin, Kate. Desiree’s Baby. 1893. 07 March 2008 http://www.ivcc.edu/ flm2010/Desirees_Baby.htm. Chopin, Kate. The Storm. 1898. 07 March 2008 from http://www.geocities.com/ short_stories_page/chopinstorm.html. Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. 2nd ed. Eds. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New York: Longman Publishing Group, 1991. 326-27. Cutter, Martha J. Unruly Tongue: Identity and Voice in American Women’s Writing, 1850- 1930. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1999. Disheroon-Gree, Suzanne. â€Å"Romanticizing a Different Lost Cause: Regional Identities in Louisiana and the Bayou Country.† A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America. Ed. Charles L. Crow. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003, 306-23. Foote, Stephanie. â€Å"The Cultural Work of American Regionalism.†Ã‚   A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America. Ed. Charles L. Crow. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003, 25-41. Peel, Ellen. â€Å"Semiotic Subversion in ‘Desiree’s Baby’.† American Literature. 62.2 (1990): 223-37. Rollyson, Carl E. Notable American Novelists. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2000. Rowe, Anne. â€Å"Kate Chopin†. The History of Southern Literature. Ed. Louis Decimus Rubin. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. 228-32. Toth, Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1999.

8 great jobs for working parents

8 great jobs for working parents The ideal job for a working parent? It doesn’t exist. The best job would allow you to follow your passion, support your family financially, and be there whenever your kids need you. The key is to find a job with flex time, the ability to work from home or create a set work schedule around the school day, or even part-time hours if it’s financially viable. The following list includes jobs that are kid-friendly, jobs where you can set your own working hours, and jobs that allow work life and parent life to coexist in at least partial harmony.8 great jobs for working parents1. Speech and Language PathologistWhile these specialists can work in independent practices, oftentimes schools employ speech and language pathologists to work with kids who need help with their language abilities. Having kids can really help support you in this position to understand how to discuss speech and language issues with parents- plus, the position is automatically keyed in to the school sched ule and offers you insight into available after-school programs if you must work beyond the final bell.2. Real Estate AgentReal estate agents, who often work at open houses or show clients around to homes, aren’t chained to a desk 9-5- making this a great job for networkers who like being on their feet and fitting events in-between other commitments. There’s flexibility to the job, especially for two-parent families where one parent will be home on the weekend. The money is based on commission- so, the more work you put in, the more you will make in theory. This is a job where your network and expertise can grow over time.3. Freelance PhotographerFreelance photographers usually have an area of specialty, but portrait photography is a great option for parents- every day at school drop-off you have the potential to meet new clients for family portraits. Wedding photography or weekend photo sessions can also suit people’s schedules if they work around a partnerâ₠¬â„¢s M-F work week.4. Music TeacherCertified music teachers are often employed by school districts, but if you are musically inclined, running private group classes for small kids and parents at a common space or from your home is a great option- and a place where you can bring your own children, as well. You can also consider offering private music lessons or contracting with schools and local community centers as a visiting artist.5. Web Developer/Graphic DesignerThis job requires technical and design skills in order to create websites, promotional materials, or other web or print graphics for clients. All you need is a computer, so this is definitely a job you can do from home if you want to work on a freelance basis. Whether you are paid by hours worked or contracted for a set fee for your work, you can organize your schedule in order to meet deadlines and keep your work life flexible in order to meet your family demands.6. Working for a Youth OrganizationHere’s another kid-centric position that gets you involved in your community. Youth organizations create educational or recreational programming for children; they usually hire staff to everything from accounting, to fundraising, to directly creating and running specific activity programs. A bonus: you will be aware of the activities available to your own children and may receive discounts on things like summer camps. Plus, a family-oriented organization may be more inclined to family-friendly work practices.7. Freelance Writer/EditorFrom copywriting for a print magazine to blogging for corporate websites, there is a lot of freelance work available for talented writers. These gigs, which often pay by word count, can almost always be done from home. In fact, writing assignments are often flexible enough that you can have kids playing in the other room while you type away. If not, you can fit in a few hundred words after the kids go to bed.8. Social Media SpecialistAnother job that you can do from y our pajamas is social media promotion, where you spend time building the online presence of a company- you need to be able to tweet, create Instagram stories, and generally do all you can to savvily promote the work and goings-on of a business. This can be a job that requires regularly checking in on accounts or updating, but it can almost always be done remotely, on a flexible basis.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example It should consider launching CIF in China keeping in mind the local tastes, culture and consumer habits. The short- and long-term marketing strategy have been suggested while also defining the control measures. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Marketing Audit 1 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS – internal environment of Unilever 2 2.2 PESTEL Analysis 3 3. Marketing Objectives 6 4. Market Mix Analysis 4.1 Segmentation 6 4.2 Targeting 7 4.3 Positioning 7 5. Market entry 8 6. Implementation strategy 9 7. Gantt Chart 12 8. Contingencies and Controls 14 References 15 Appendices 18 1. Introduction Unilever, one of the world’s leading FMCG companies, headquartered in London, offers products across several categories including foods, home, and personal products (Datamonitor, 2010). Unilever’s strategic priorities are the developing and emerging economies. The company has a diversified product portfolio as well as a wide geographical reach which explains diverse revenue streams. It has a strong portfolio of over 400 brands. Approximately 49% of its revenues in FY2009 came from emerging economies. This gives the company the confidence to tap new opportunities in the existing emerging economies. While Unilever has a strong presence in China as is evident from their sales figures between 2004 and 2007 (Appendix A), they would like to introduce a new product in China – CIF dishwashing liquid. ... The Chinese FMCG market enjoys a balanced development both in the food and the non-food categories (Ryan, 2004). Despite the growth in the FMCG sector in China fueled by strong economic performance and higher disposable income, the sector is fragmented and still developing. An in-depth study of the competitive environment and consumer demand in the respective FMCG sector has to be conducted to understand the dynamics of that sector. These would include and understanding of the price dynamics, trade distribution, and consumption patterns (Moodle, 2005)). Thus, based on marketing audit, the short- and long-term marketing plan would be drawn up. 2. Marketing Audit The Chinese consumers demonstrate brand loyalty when it comes to foreign goods. However, marketing in developing economies differs from marketing the same product in developed in developed countries. International marketing requires the right business strategy and revolves around being competitive. The strategy can be devised after an assessment of the internal and the external business environment. The international marketing strategy has to depend upon the product characteristics, the time of entry, the consumer characteristics and the brand reputation (Ferner & Varul, 2000). Other factors that influence the marketing strategy include the differences in the culture, political stability, demographics, customer needs and government regulations. The business environment is constantly changing and marketing audit reviews the current situation based on which the marketing strategy can be devised. 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS – internal environment of Unilever Strengths Unilever is a leading company dealing in FMCG with 270 manufacturing facilities across six

PRODUCT INFORMATION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PRODUCT INFORMATION - Assignment Example The products were then shipped to other parts of the world like France in the 1970s and orange juice wars with other rivals like in Coca Cola began in the 1980s. In subsequent years, the product’s packaging and marketing strategies have changed but the taste and content have remained relatively the same. In 1949, the product was simply freshly squeezed orange juice but in 1954, it became a chilled product made using flash pasteurization. In 1983, packaging was reduced to a smaller quantity but the prices remained the same; this mirrored developments in earlier periods (1964) when the organization created its own bottles and sold the product in such containers (Pania et al 3). The product maintained similar tastes until 2006 when it was diluted to become less thick and less calorie-rich. In 2009, its packaging was altered to a generic form but 3 months later, the company went back to its original packaging as customers complained; now it is found in plastic bottles. Tropicana original orange juice won the IPA Effectiveness Awards 2006, Silver because of its campaign advertisement conducted in the United Kingdom (â€Å"IPA effectiveness awards 2006†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The brand also boasts about getting Carbon Trust product footprint certification in 2007 because of determining the environmental" impact or ecological footprint of its production process. It is also a recipient of the Beverage Innovation Awards in 2009 by an organization of the same name because of the sustainability initiatives in production and rainforest consumer awareness programs (â€Å"2013 Annual report† 102). The brand currently boasts of market share leadership in the orange juice market as it accounts for 28% of all juices sold in the US. A drop had been recorded in 2009 when the company made a repackaging blunder, but its shares recovered thereafter. Currently, the next most competitive brand is Simply Orange by Coca Cola, which accounts for 14% of the

For the following speech topics Essay Example for Free

For the following speech topics Essay When I was in high school I had a set of very popular friends. I called them my friends because they were the ones I go with from the time I arrive in school, until recess, until the time we go back home. They are picked up by cars, and I would hitch with them. All the while, their popularity gave me the notion that I am popular too. In return, I made their assignments and finished our group projects all by myself. It took a year before I realized that friendship is not about being with a popular circle. Friendship is so much more. B. (For old people) Like wines, we have been aged into perfection. Today, as we gather, we remember the friendships that we have had and in the same way we can name some which have been perfected by time. These friendships are those which stood challenges; those which remained loyal and truthful despite all else being a failure. In remembering these friendships, we also remember those beautiful friends behind them. Topic: Investment A. (For students) I have always been a businessman. I had my very first investment when I was seven. I badly wanted a yo-yo but my parents would not buy me one. So, I asked my teenage neighbor if he would like to trade one of his yo-yo with my roller skates. It was clumsy, and it sure lost me a lot, and that was my very first experience of investing. B. (For businessmen) Benjamin Franklin said that â€Å"an investment in knowledge pays the best interest†. I agree. However, I would also say that making good investments and making the right choices pays even more—and the interest are in dollars too! Ladies and gentlemen, investing is tricky and it needs some education, but also it needs action. Otherwise, those investments are dreams waiting to be realized. Topic: Recycling A. (Students) In 2001, more than 400,000,000 tons of wastes have been generated by municipalities throughout the country. This is a whopping 26,000,000-ton increase. Out of this, only 32% has been recycled. What happened to the other 68%? How are we managing the non-recyclable wastes? Is the management effective and efficient? These are what we are discussing today. B. (Kids) Did you know that you can make your own toy out of a milk carton? You can also create artworks and masterpieces using egg shells and empty bottles. We might think that these things are already trash, but actually we can still use them to make new things. This is what we call recycling. TOPIC: Credit Card Debt A. (For students) Let’s face it. Owning a credit card is like a shopper’s heaven. You buy something, swipe the card, and go home happy. You got something and your cash is intact—what could be better? But, when the bill comes, credit cards can also prove to be a shopper’s hell. B. (For women) Have you ever wondered why you are always worried? Check your wallets. Studies show that 64% of credit card holders are worried about their debts. Strikingly, women worry more than men. This is something to be worried about. Thus, we came up with some tips to help you with those credit card debts.

Dying with Religion :: essays research papers

A Riv Dying With Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wars occur for many reasons. There may be one main reason or a few specific reasons as to why war was declared in the first place. One thing that never changes in war is the fact that there will always be two sides fighting against each other for what they believe in. Death is also acquainted with war and soldiers in war tend to think about life and death every moment they are able to. During the time in which a soldier thinks he is going to die he may pray to God or any other that he prays to and he will ask for forgiveness and to be saved. Atheists do not believe in God or in having any religion whatsoever. So how would an atheist react if he did not believe in a religious figure that might possibly give him the chance to survive. â€Å"There are no atheists in the foxholes† does make sense yet not every war being fought is a religious war, so even though religion does play a big part there must be atheists in the foxholes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death. Death is what many fear most and at times when a person is near death they involuntarily pray in order to try to save themselves at the last possible moment. After the moment passes the soldier doesn’t even think twice about it. Even though it does seem that they weren’t sincere the soldiers really are. In what seems the last moments of a soldiers life when he does pray he must be sincere. He must show his belief in God or another to save him from hell or death in order to create some sort of hope. If the prayer wasn’t sincere then the soldier wouldn’t expect God to reach down and pluck him from danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atheists fight wars but not over religion. At some point in war religion comes up but does that mean since atheists don’t believe in heaven or hell do they still fight or do they just hide. Not having a religion could even be more of an incentive to fight and give it everything, because they have no reason to be afraid of hell or worry about the judgment of God. Atheists seem to be most of the people in the foxholes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now if a highly religious person went to war they would have a problem killing people. Dying with Religion :: essays research papers A Riv Dying With Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wars occur for many reasons. There may be one main reason or a few specific reasons as to why war was declared in the first place. One thing that never changes in war is the fact that there will always be two sides fighting against each other for what they believe in. Death is also acquainted with war and soldiers in war tend to think about life and death every moment they are able to. During the time in which a soldier thinks he is going to die he may pray to God or any other that he prays to and he will ask for forgiveness and to be saved. Atheists do not believe in God or in having any religion whatsoever. So how would an atheist react if he did not believe in a religious figure that might possibly give him the chance to survive. â€Å"There are no atheists in the foxholes† does make sense yet not every war being fought is a religious war, so even though religion does play a big part there must be atheists in the foxholes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death. Death is what many fear most and at times when a person is near death they involuntarily pray in order to try to save themselves at the last possible moment. After the moment passes the soldier doesn’t even think twice about it. Even though it does seem that they weren’t sincere the soldiers really are. In what seems the last moments of a soldiers life when he does pray he must be sincere. He must show his belief in God or another to save him from hell or death in order to create some sort of hope. If the prayer wasn’t sincere then the soldier wouldn’t expect God to reach down and pluck him from danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atheists fight wars but not over religion. At some point in war religion comes up but does that mean since atheists don’t believe in heaven or hell do they still fight or do they just hide. Not having a religion could even be more of an incentive to fight and give it everything, because they have no reason to be afraid of hell or worry about the judgment of God. Atheists seem to be most of the people in the foxholes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now if a highly religious person went to war they would have a problem killing people.

The Book of J and the Hebrew Bible

Getting a comparison between the Book of J and the Hebrew Bible, we can have an extensive scope of change and transition from the initial writings and the later writings. For some reason, some information from the first book has either been altered or removed from the other version. The two books differ from each other even though they have almost same aspects of meaning. Comparing the two books, one gets the rough story, but then the book of J has more perspective and explanation as compared to the Hebrew Bible. An example, the Hebrew Bible explains to us how Adam and Eve came into existence. We understand that God created Adam from dust and Eve from his rib. That is almost everything told about how a man happened to be by the Hebrew Bible (Safire, 1997). However, this is entirely different with the book of J. Here we get to know a more profound extent of how Adam came to be. After the initial flood, the gods decided to send him to earth because of his mortality. Furthermore, the book of J also looks at the aftermath of the misunderstanding between Cain and Abel. Eve manages to give birth to a third son, Seth. The first man continued to give birth and spread all over the earth. By doing so, they also began getting immoral and reckless. This angered God. He wanted to wipe them off the face of the planet. The story of the Babel tower is also one of the stories that have been on the nook. We can look at it in the book of J explained so well how it came to be and how God used this opportunity to scatter man all over the earth. This was after they tried to build a tower to heaven. This is what has added to the book of J and is not in the Hebrew Bible. Furthermore, the text of J has a feminist nature in it. The writer has focused more on the feminine side of the story. In both stories, we can have a difference in the relationships between Yahweh and Man. In the book of J, God at first used other gods to execute his earthy wants while in the Hebrew Bible, God communicates directly with man. (Coogan, 2009) Therefore, both of the two books express the religious nature of humanity and this makes it somewhat connected to the religious nature of humankind. They both tend to expound more on the acts that took place. In fact, at some point, stories are similar but are differentiated in a tiny way.

Composition of the Universe

The universe is a vast and fascinating place.  When astronomers consider what its made of, they can point most directly to the billions of galaxies it contains. Each of those has millions or billions—or even trillions—of stars. Many of those stars have planets. There are also clouds of gas and dust.   In between the galaxies, where it seems there would be very little stuff, clouds of hot gases exist in some places, while other regions are nearly empty voids. All that is material that can be detected. So, how difficult can it be to look out into the cosmos and estimate, with reasonable accuracy, the amount of luminous mass (the material we can see) in the universe, using  radio, infrared and x-ray astronomy? Detecting Cosmic Stuff Now that astronomers have highly sensitive detectors, they are making great advances in in figuring out the mass of the universe and what makes up that mass. But thats not the problem.  The answers theyre getting dont make sense. Is their method of adding up the mass wrong (not likely) or is there something else out there; something else that they cant see? To understand the difficulties, its important to understand the mass of the universe and how astronomers measure it. Measuring Cosmic Mass One of the greatest pieces of evidence for the mass of the universe is something called the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Its not a physical barrier or anything like that. Instead, its a condition of the early universe that can be measured using microwave detectors. The CMB dates back to shortly after the Big Bang and is actually the background temperature of the universe. Think of it as heat that is detectable throughout the cosmos equally from all directions. Its not exactly like the heat coming off the Sun or radiating from a planet. Instead, its a very low temperature measured at 2.7 degrees K. When astronomers go to measure this temperature, they see small, but important fluctuations spread throughout this background heat. However, the fact that it exists means that the universe is essentially flat. That means it will expand forever. So, what does that flatness mean for figuring out the mass of the universe? Essentially, given the measured size of the universe, it means there has to be enough mass and energy present within it to make it flat.The problem? Well, when astronomers add up all of the normal matter  (such as stars and galaxies, plus the gas in the universe, thats only about 5% of the critical density that a flat universe needs to remain flat. That means that 95 percent of the universe hasnt yet been detected. Its there, but what is it? Where is it? Scientists say that it exists as dark matter and dark energy.   The Composition of the Universe The mass that we can see is called baryonic matter.  It is the planets, galaxies, gas clouds, and clusters. The mass that cant be seen is called dark matter. There is also energy (light) that can be measured; interestingly, theres also the so-called  dark energy. and nobody has a very good idea of what that is.   So, what does make up the universe and in what percentages? Heres a breakdown of the current proportions of mass in the universe. Heavy Elements in the Cosmos First, there are the heavy elements. They make up about ~0.03% of the universe. For nearly half a billion years after the birth of the universe the only elements that existed were hydrogen and helium They arent heavy. However, after stars were born, lived, and died, the universe started getting seeded with elements heavier than hydrogen and helium that were cooked up inside stars. That happens as stars fuse hydrogen (or other elements) in their cores. Stardeath spreads all those elements to space through planetary nebulae or supernova explosions. Once they are scattered to space. they are prime material for building the next generations of stars and planets.   This is a slow process, however. Even nearly 14 billion years after its creation, the only a small fraction of the mass of the universe is made up of elements heavier than helium. Neutrinos Neutrinos are also part of the universe, although only about 0.3 percent of it. These are created during the nuclear fusion process in the cores of stars, neutrinos are nearly massless particles that travel at nearly the speed of light. Coupled with their lack of charge, their tiny masses mean that they do not interact readily with mass except for a direct impact on a nucleus. Measuring neutrinos is not an easy task. But, it has allowed scientists to get good estimates of nuclear fusion rates of our Sun and other stars, as well as an estimate of the total neutrino population in the universe. Stars When stargazers peer out into the night sky most of what the see is stars. They make up about 0.4 percent of the universe. Yet, when people look at the visible light coming from other galaxies even, most of what they see are stars. It seems odd that they make up only a small part of the universe.   Gases So, whats more, abundant than stars and neutrinos? It turns out that, at four percent, gases make up a much bigger part of the cosmos. They usually occupy the space between stars, and for that matter, the space between whole galaxies. Interstellar gas, which is mostly just free elemental hydrogen and helium makes up most of the mass in the universe that can be directly measured. These gases are detected using instruments sensitive to the radio, infrared and x-ray wavelengths. Dark Matter The second-most-abundant stuff of the universe is something that no one has seen otherwise detected. Yet, it makes up about 22 percent of the universe.  Scientists analyzing the motion (rotation) of galaxies, as well as the interaction of galaxies in galaxy clusters, found that all of the gas and dust present is not enough to explain the appearance and motions of galaxies. It turns out that 80 percent of the mass in these galaxies must be dark. That is, its not detectable in any wavelength of light, radio through gamma-ray. Thats why this stuff is called dark matter.   The identity of this mysterious mass? Unknown. The best candidate is cold dark matter, which is theorized to be a particle similar to a neutrino, but with a much greater mass. It is thought that these particles, often known as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) arose out of thermal interactions in early galaxy formations. However, as yet we have not been able to detection dark matter, directly or indirectly, or create it in a laboratory. Dark Energy The most abundant mass of the universe is not dark matter or stars or galaxies or clouds of gas and dust. Its something called dark energy and it makes up 73 percent of the universe.  In fact, dark energy isnt (likely) even massive at all. Which makes its categorization of mass somewhat confusing.  So, what is it?  Possibly its a very strange property of space-time itself, or maybe even some unexplained (so far) energy field that permeates the entire universe. Or its neither of those things. Nobody knows. Only time and lots and lots more data will tell. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.